Purpose: To evaluate the clinical and radiological features and the risk of middle ear disease in the contralateral ears of unilateral cholesteatoma with clinical and radiological assessment.
Methods: Fifty-two patients with unilateral cholesteatoma and 30 control subjects underwent otoscopic and audiologic examination. Temporal bone computed tomography was performed to evaluate the pneumatization of the temporal bones, the status of anterior epitympanic space and eustachian tube. Then, the parameters of the temporal bone pneumatization were calculated.
Results: 28% of the contralateral ears in the cholesteatoma patients showed abnormal tympanic membrane findings. In the audiologic examination, 10% of the contralateral ears showed moderate hearing loss and 3% showed severe hearing loss. Aeration areas were 1.81 ± 1.01, 2.50 ± 1.31 and 4.49 ± 1.45 cm(2), aeration ratios were 24, 28 and 42%, in cholesteatoma, contralateral and control ears, respectively. Development of the anterior epitympanic space and eustachian tube patency was reduced in contralateral ears relative to control ears.
Conclusions: The degree of temporal bone pneumatization, eustachian tube function, and development of the anterior epitympanic space are significantly decreased in the contralateral ears of unilateral cholesteatoma patients, and there is an increased risk of middle ear diseases. Continuous monitoring of the contralateral ear is crucial for early detection and optimal treatment of middle ear disease.