Lung cancer is the most common cancer in the world. Globally, the annual diagnosis rate of new cases is approximately 1.6 million. The latest figures for the UK show that there are approximately 39000 cases each year and that lung cancer accounts for about 22% of all cancer deaths (Cancer Research UK, 2013a). This article will look at the latest national recommendations for managing and treating non-small cell lung cancer, which accounts for about 80% of lung cancers, as well as emerging therapies. It is not within the scope of this article to discuss each type and aspect of lung cancer in detail and further reading is encouraged.