Effect of spine hardware on small spinal stereotactic radiosurgery dosimetry

Phys Med Biol. 2013 Oct 7;58(19):6733-47. doi: 10.1088/0031-9155/58/19/6733. Epub 2013 Sep 9.

Abstract

Monte Carlo (MC) modeling of a 6 MV photon beam was used to study the dose perturbation from a titanium rod 5 mm in diameter in various small fields range from 2 × 2 to 5 × 5 cm(2). The results showed that the rod increased the dose to water by ∼6% at the water-rod interface because of electron backscattering and decreased the dose by ∼7% in the shadow of the rod because of photon attenuation. The Pinnacle(3) treatment planning system calculations matched the MC results at the depths more than 1 cm past the rod when the correct titanium density of 4.5 g cm(-3) was used, but significantly underestimated the backscattering dose at the water-rod interface. A CT-density table with a top density of 1.82 g cm(-3) (cortical bone) is a practical way to reduce the dosimetric error from the artifacts by preventing high density assignment to them, but can underestimates the attenuation by the titanium rod by 6%. However, when multi-beam with intensity modulation is used in actual patient spinal stereotactic radiosurgery treatment, the dosimetric effect of assigning 4.5 instead of 1.82 g cm(-3) to titanium implants is complicated. It ranged from minimal effect to 2% dose difference affecting 15% target volume in the study. When hardware is in the beam path, density override to the titanium hardware is recommended.

MeSH terms

  • Artifacts*
  • Humans
  • Monte Carlo Method
  • Radiometry / methods*
  • Radiosurgery / methods*
  • Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted
  • Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated
  • Spine / diagnostic imaging
  • Spine / surgery*
  • Titanium*
  • Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  • Water

Substances

  • Water
  • Titanium