In a prospective study, 18 chimney sweeps aged between 21 and 57 years were examined with the aim of detecting the presence of heavy metals in the blood and urine, and identifying cardiopulmonary diseases. Elevated concentrations of cadmium were found in three cases, and of lead in two cases, the concentrations being such that damage to health could not be excluded. None of the chimney sweeps showed any signs of bronchial hyper-reactivity or coronary heart disease. With respect to risk factors for coronary heart disease, elevated cholesterol and/or triglyceride levels were observed in 7/16 patients. These figures are compatible with the average figures for the Austrian population at large.