Catalytic hydrogenation activity and electronic structure determination of bis(arylimidazol-2-ylidene)pyridine cobalt alkyl and hydride complexes

J Am Chem Soc. 2013 Sep 4;135(35):13168-84. doi: 10.1021/ja406608u. Epub 2013 Aug 22.

Abstract

The bis(arylimidazol-2-ylidene)pyridine cobalt methyl complex, ((iPr)CNC)CoCH3, was evaluated for the catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes. At 22 °C and 4 atm of H2 pressure, ((iPr)CNC)CoCH3 is an effective precatalyst for the hydrogenation of sterically hindered, unactivated alkenes such as trans-methylstilbene, 1-methyl-1-cyclohexene, and 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene, representing one of the most active cobalt hydrogenation catalysts reported to date. Preparation of the cobalt hydride complex, ((iPr)CNC)CoH, was accomplished by hydrogenation of ((iPr)CNC)CoCH3. Over the course of 3 h at 22 °C, migration of the metal hydride to the 4-position of the pyridine ring yielded (4-H2-(iPr)CNC)CoN2. Similar alkyl migration was observed upon treatment of ((iPr)CNC)CoH with 1,1-diphenylethylene. This reactivity raised the question as to whether this class of chelate is redox-active, engaging in radical chemistry with the cobalt center. A combination of structural, spectroscopic, and computational studies was conducted and provided definitive evidence for bis(arylimidazol-2-ylidene)pyridine radicals in reduced cobalt chemistry. Spin density calculations established that the radicals were localized on the pyridine ring, accounting for the observed reactivity, and suggest that a wide family of pyridine-based pincers may also be redox-active.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Alkenes / chemistry
  • Catalysis
  • Cobalt / chemistry*
  • Electrons
  • Hydrogen / chemistry*
  • Hydrogenation
  • Models, Molecular
  • Molecular Structure
  • Organometallic Compounds / chemical synthesis
  • Organometallic Compounds / chemistry*
  • Pyridines / chemistry*
  • Quantum Theory
  • Water / chemistry

Substances

  • Alkenes
  • Organometallic Compounds
  • Pyridines
  • Water
  • Cobalt
  • Hydrogen