Most commonly, shoulder instability results from a traumatic dislocation of the shoulder joint, usually happening to men under the age of 30. The first uncomplicated dislocation is treated conservatively. Instability refers to symptomatic instability of the shoulder joint, i.e. recurrent dislocations or fear of dislocation. Clinical examination and X-ray are usually sufficient for diagnosis. While mechanical instability of the shoulder joint is an indication for surgery, the operative technique should be selected in a patient-specific manner.