Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is associated with early stroke risk and thus should be considered as an emergency. Early diagnosis and prompt evaluation and treatment are the key in reducing the stroke risk. Recently, with the recognition of several clinical scores as well as a few imaging modalities that identify those with higher risks, it is likely to be easier to reduce risks. In this position paper the evidence, including the clinical scores, is reviewed and suggested guidelines for prompt diagnosis and treatment of patients with TIA's is proposed by a committee of the Israeli Neurological Association.