In our institution endometrial carcinoma stages I and II is treated with uterovaginal brachytherapy and radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy. We have made a retrospective analysis of the results of lymphadenectomy to determine its place in the treatment strategy. Between 1976 and 1986, 155 patients were treated with these modalities (107 were stage I, 48 were stage II). The mean age was 60.2 years. Brachytherapy delivered 60 Gy, and then radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy was performed. Twenty-six patients received pelvic external-beam irradiation because of lymph node involvement and or deep tumor invasion into the myometrium. Fourteen patients (9%) had lymph node involvement. External iliac lymph nodes were involved in 78.5% of these cases. The lymph node involvement rate was higher for patients with stage II disease, patients with grade 3 tumors, and patients in whom there was deep tumor invasion into the myometrium. Pelvic failure rate was 12% for node-negative patients and 36% for node-positive patients. The 5-year actuarial survival rates were 83% for node-negative and 41% for node-positive patients. We administer pelvic external-beam radiotherapy to all stage II patients, grade 2 or 3 patients, and patients in whom there is deep tumor invasion into the myometrium. We do not perform lymphadenectomy on these patients. We perform only external iliac sampling for patients with stage I, grade 1 tumor without deep tumor invasion.