Smoking status in Iranian male adolescents: a cross-sectional study and a meta-analysis

Addict Behav. 2013 Jun;38(6):2214-8. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.01.018. Epub 2013 Feb 4.

Abstract

The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of smoking status and its associated factors in Iranian adolescents and a meta-analysis of recent cross-sectional studies in order to estimate the corresponding prevalence for all Iranian adolescents. In a cross-sectional study, 1064 male high school students in Zanjan city (northwest of Iran) were recruited. A self-administered questionnaire was used for smoking status and associated factors. Through the meta-analysis, all relevant published studies were reviewed. Almost one-third of adolescents (34.2%, n=354) have experienced smoking either experimentally (23.4%, n=242), or regularly (10.8%, n=112). Multivariate analysis showed that older age (OR=1.20; 95% CI: 1.05-1.37), risky behaviors (OR=1.83; 1.25-2.68), Tramadol medication (OR=2.19; 1.54-3.11), low self-esteem (OR=1.07; 1.03-1.11), positive attitude toward smoking (OR=1.15; 1.09-1.21), positive thinking about smoking (OR=1.07; 1.01-1.14) and having smoker friends (OR=1.94; 1.36-2.77) were significantly associated with cigarette smoking in adolescents. Meta-analysis results showed that 7% of Iranian adolescents are regular smokers and 27% are experimenters. Increasing prevalence of smoking in Iranian adolescents is a major concern for public health. Controlling risky behaviors and increasing health education are recommended.

Publication types

  • Meta-Analysis
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adolescent Behavior / psychology*
  • Age Factors
  • Analgesics, Opioid / therapeutic use
  • Attitude
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Humans
  • Iran / epidemiology
  • Logistic Models
  • Male
  • Multivariate Analysis
  • Prescription Drug Misuse*
  • Prevalence
  • Risk Factors
  • Risk-Taking
  • Self Concept
  • Smoking / epidemiology*
  • Smoking / psychology
  • Socioeconomic Factors
  • Students
  • Surveys and Questionnaires
  • Tramadol / therapeutic use
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Analgesics, Opioid
  • Tramadol