Phenotypic susceptibility to antiretrovirals among clades C, F, and B/F recombinant antiretroviral-naive HIV type 1 strains

AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2013 Jun;29(6):880-6. doi: 10.1089/AID.2012.0259. Epub 2013 Mar 8.

Abstract

To evaluate antiretroviral phenotypic susceptibility of wild-type HIV-1 strains circulating in Brazil, samples from antiretroviral-naive individuals infected with subtypes C (n=16), F (n=9), or B/F (n=7), where reverse transcriptase is B and protease is F, were phenotyped using the Antivirogram Assay (Virco, Mechelen, Belgium). Reduced susceptibility to protease inhibitors (PIs) was observed in one C and three F isolates. None of these samples had any known PI resistance mutations. The phenotypic fold change to one PI was above the biological cut-off in three of 96 (3.1%) clade F phenotypic determinations and in one of 96 (1.0%) clade C. Phenotypic resistance to at least one nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) was found for two B/F, four C, and three F isolates. The phenotypic fold change in susceptibility to NRTIs was above the cut-off value in nine of 111 (8.1%) clade C determinations, as compared to three of 63 (4.8%) for clade F and two of 49 (4.1%) for clade B. The phenotypic fold change to non-NRTI (NNRTI) was above the cut-off in seven of 32 (21.9%) of C isolates determinations, whereas none of the F isolates had a decrease of susceptibility. Only two of the 16 C samples had a known NNRTI resistance mutation. The NNRTI fold change was above the cut-off value in three of 14 (21.4%) phenotypic determinations of Brazilian B/F recombinants, representing clade B reverse transcriptase. NNRTI susceptibility should be better investigated in clade C and B/F recombinants.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Anti-HIV Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Drug Resistance, Viral / genetics
  • HIV Infections / drug therapy*
  • HIV Infections / virology
  • HIV-1 / drug effects*
  • HIV-1 / genetics
  • Humans
  • Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  • Mutation / genetics
  • Phenotype

Substances

  • Anti-HIV Agents