[Management of glycemia: an audit in 66 ICUs]

Abstract

Introduction: The interest of tight glucose control in ICU is still debated. In France, no data are available regarding this therapy and the implementation of its guidelines.

Study design: Sub-study of a one-day audit performed between January and May 2009.

Patients and methods: During a one-day audit performed in 66 ICUs, trained residents collected data regarding the presence of a formal glucose control protocol and its practical application.

Results: A formalized glucose control protocol was found in 88% of patients. During the day before the audit, 3645 glycemia measurements were performed accounting for six measurements [4-9] per patient with a median higher value of 1.6 [1.4-2.1]. Hypoglycemia (<0.8 g/L) and hyperglycemia (>1.4 g/L in non-diabetic and >1.8 g/L in diabetic patients) were found in 81 (15%) and 326 (58%) patients respectively. Two episodes (0.36%) of severe hypoglycemia (<0.4 g/L) were reported. Factors associated with glucose control protocol application were: a high SOFA score, cardioversion, mechanical ventilation, intracranial pressure monitoring, steroid use and nurse to patient ratio less than 1/2.5. Hepatic failure was the only factor associated with hypoglycemia.

Discussion: Glucose control protocols are available in more than 80% ICUs but their implementation is still imperfect. However, the median glycemia meets international current recommendations. Severe hypoglycemia is a very rare event in ICU.