High-specificity single-tube multiplex genotyping using Ribo-PAP PCR, tag primers, alkali cleavage of RNA/DNA chimeras and MALDI-TOF MS

Hum Mutat. 2013 Jan;34(1):266-73. doi: 10.1002/humu.22227. Epub 2012 Nov 8.

Abstract

Here, we describe a high-throughput, single-tube, allele-specific ribonucleotide analog pyrophosphorolysis-activated polymerization (ribo-PAP) PCR multiplex genotyping and resequencing method. An RNA/DNA chimeric PCR product is generated using genomic DNA as starting template, a panel of allele-selective 5'-tagged primers, a reverse primer, one nucleotide in the ribo-form (90-100%), the other nucleotides in the deoxy-form, a DNA polymerase capable of incorporating ribonucleotides, a suitable buffer and thermal cycling. The RNA/DNA chimeric PCR products are fragmented by treatment with alkali and analyzed by mass spectrometry. All allele-selective primers have a 5' repetitive motif where each repeat unit has a unique, distinct mass upon reverse copying and alkali fragmentation. The mass of the complement repeat fragment or flag identifies the primer or primers that were recruited in the ribo-PAP PCR. The method readily identifies homozygous and heterozygous positions in simplex or duplex ribo-PAP PCR. Many different tags can be analyzed simultaneously. The assay can genotype several SNPs in a single tube. It thus constitutes the simplest genotyping protocol with multiplex analysis. This novel genotyping and resequencing protocol was applied to different genomic loci: NOS1 and H19 in 30 individuals in simplex ribo-PAP PCR and at two SLCO1B1 loci in 95 individuals in duplex ribo-PAP PCR.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Alkalies / chemistry
  • Alleles
  • DNA / genetics*
  • DNA / metabolism
  • DNA Primers / genetics
  • Diphosphates / metabolism
  • Genotype
  • Genotyping Techniques / methods*
  • Humans
  • Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
  • Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I / genetics
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction / methods*
  • Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
  • RNA / genetics*
  • RNA / metabolism
  • RNA, Long Noncoding / genetics
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • Ribonucleotides / genetics
  • Ribonucleotides / metabolism
  • Sequence Analysis, DNA / methods
  • Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization / methods*

Substances

  • Alkalies
  • DNA Primers
  • Diphosphates
  • H19 long non-coding RNA
  • RNA, Long Noncoding
  • Ribonucleotides
  • diphosphoric acid
  • RNA
  • DNA
  • NOS1 protein, human
  • Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I