Human metapneumovirus M2-2 protein inhibits innate cellular signaling by targeting MAVS

J Virol. 2012 Dec;86(23):13049-61. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01248-12. Epub 2012 Sep 26.

Abstract

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a leading cause of respiratory infections in pediatric populations globally, with no prophylactic or therapeutic measures. Recently, a recombinant hMPV lacking the M2-2 protein (rhMPV-ΔM2-2) demonstrated reduced replication in the respiratory tract of animal models, making it a promising live vaccine candidate. However, the exact nature of the interaction between the M2-2 protein and host cells that regulates viral infection/propagation is largely unknown. By taking advantage of the available reverse genetics system and ectopic expression system for viral protein, we found that M2-2 not only promotes viral gene transcription and replication but subverts host innate immunity, therefore identifying M2-2 as a novel virulence factor, in addition to the previously described hMPV G protein. Since we have shown that the RIG-I/MAVS pathway plays an important role in hMPV-induced signaling in airway epithelial cells, we investigated whether M2-2 antagonizes the host cellular responses by targeting this pathway. Reporter gene assays and coimmunoprecipitation studies indicated that M2-2 targets MAVS, an inhibitory mechanism different from what we previously reported for hMPV G, which affects RIG-I- but not MAVS-dependent gene transcription. In addition, we found that the domains of M2-2 responsible for the regulation of viral gene transcription and antiviral signaling are different. Our findings collectively demonstrate that M2-2 contributes to hMPV immune evasion through the inhibition of MAVS-dependent cellular responses.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing / metabolism*
  • Analysis of Variance
  • Animals
  • Blotting, Western
  • Chlorocebus aethiops
  • DNA Primers / genetics
  • Humans
  • Immune Evasion / genetics*
  • Immunoprecipitation
  • Metapneumovirus / genetics
  • Metapneumovirus / immunology
  • Metapneumovirus / metabolism*
  • Plasmids / genetics
  • Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Signal Transduction / physiology*
  • Transcription, Genetic / genetics
  • Transcription, Genetic / physiology*
  • Vero Cells
  • Viral Proteins / genetics
  • Viral Proteins / metabolism*
  • Virulence Factors / genetics
  • Virulence Factors / metabolism*

Substances

  • Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
  • DNA Primers
  • MAVS protein, human
  • Viral Proteins
  • Virulence Factors