Catheter arteriography by the axillary or brachial route can be responsible for central neurologic complications. The objectives of this prospective study were to define the predictive factors of these complications and determine their incidence. This report is based on 288 consecutive arteriography sessions performed between January 1985 and June 1987. All patients had arterial atheromatous pathology. Ten central neurologic complications (3.5%) occurred, two of which (0.7%) were permanent. Four factors were significantly associated with increased incidence of central neurologic complications: antecedent transient ischemic attack (p less than 0.001); tight (greater than 80%) stenosis of at least one internal carotid artery (p less than 0.02); angina pectoris (p less than 0.05); age over 80 years old (p less than 0.001). Seldinger's or Dos Santos' techniques are preferable to axillary or brachial catheter techniques for investigation of the lower limbs and the abdominal aorta. The former obviates the need to catheterize the aortic arch and reduces the risk of embolism to the supraaortic arteries. Digital venous arteriography is an alternative to aortic arch catheterization when investigating the supraaortic arteries in the presence of risk factors.