Migrant workers in Central Europe are reported to suffer from an increased prevalence of both duodenal and gastric ulcer as compared to native population. No information is available, however, as far as Italy is concerned. The Authors have thought of interest to report on 7 cases of peptic ulcer disease occurring in migrant workers in Italy. Patients were young adult males from African or Mediterranean developing Countries. In 5 cases the symptoms of their peptic ulcers began after their arrival in Italy. The etiopathogenesis of peptic ulcer was likely to include an interaction among emotional stress, low income, shift and manual work, cigarette smoking and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs self-administration. This last factor has not been reported in literature. The hypothesis that migrant workers in Italy are a peptic ulcer-prone population needs further confirmation for its clinical and social implications.