Cyclin E drives human keratinocyte growth into differentiation

Oncogene. 2012 Dec 13;31(50):5180-92. doi: 10.1038/onc.2012.22. Epub 2012 Feb 20.

Abstract

Human epidermis is continuously exposed to environmental mutagenic hazard and is the most frequent target of human cancer. How the epidermis coordinates proliferation with differentiation to maintain homeostasis, even in hyperproliferative conditions, is unclear. For instance, overactivation of the proto-oncogene MYC in keratinocytes stimulates differentiation. Here we explore the cell cycle regulation as proliferating human keratinocytes commit to terminal differentiation upon loss of anchorage or overactivation of MYC. The S-phase of the cell cycle is deregulated as mitotic regulators are inhibited in the onset of differentiation. Experimental inhibition of mitotic kinase cdk1 or kinases of the mitosis spindle checkpoint Aurora B or Polo-like Kinase, triggered keratinocyte terminal differentiation. Furthermore, hyperactivation of the cell cycle by overexpressing the DNA replication regulator Cyclin E induced mitosis failure and differentiation. Inhibition of Cyclin E by shRNAs attenuated the induction of differentiation by MYC. In addition, we present evidence that Cyclin E induces DNA damage and the p53 pathway. The results provide novel clues for the mechanisms committing proliferative keratinocytes to differentiate, with implications for tissue homeostasis maintenance, HPV amplification and tumorigenesis.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Aurora Kinase B
  • Aurora Kinases
  • CDC2 Protein Kinase / genetics
  • CDC2 Protein Kinase / metabolism
  • Cell Cycle Proteins / genetics
  • Cell Cycle Proteins / metabolism
  • Cell Differentiation / genetics
  • Cell Differentiation / physiology*
  • Cell Proliferation
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Cyclin E / genetics
  • Cyclin E / metabolism*
  • DNA Damage
  • DNA Replication
  • Epidermal Cells
  • Epidermis / metabolism
  • Epidermis / pathology
  • Humans
  • Keratinocytes / cytology*
  • Keratinocytes / metabolism*
  • Keratinocytes / pathology
  • Mitosis / genetics
  • Polo-Like Kinase 1
  • Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / genetics
  • Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases / metabolism
  • Proto-Oncogene Mas
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins / genetics
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins / metabolism
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / genetics
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc / metabolism
  • S Phase / genetics
  • Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / genetics

Substances

  • Cell Cycle Proteins
  • Cyclin E
  • MAS1 protein, human
  • Proto-Oncogene Mas
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc
  • Tumor Suppressor Protein p53
  • AURKB protein, human
  • Aurora Kinase B
  • Aurora Kinases
  • Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
  • CDC2 Protein Kinase