Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: real-world issues

Semin Thromb Hemost. 2011 Sep;37(6):653-63. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1291375. Epub 2011 Nov 18.

Abstract

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a prothrombotic drug reaction caused by platelet-activating antibodies. HIT sera often activate platelets without needing heparin-such heparin-"independent" platelet activation can be associated with HIT beginning or worsening despite stopping heparin ("delayed-onset HIT"). We address important issues in HIT diagnosis and therapy, using a recent cohort of HIT patients to illustrate influences of heparin type; triggers for HIT investigation; serological features of heparin-independent platelet activation; and treatment. In our cohort of recent HIT cases ( N = 13), low-molecular-weight heparin (dalteparin) was a common causative agent ( N = 8, 62%); most patients were diagnosed after HIT-thrombosis had occurred; and danaparoid was the most frequently selected treatment. Heparin-independent platelet activation was common (7/13 [54%]) and predicted slower platelet count recovery (>1 week) among evaluable patients (5/5 vs 1/6; P = 0.015). In our experience with argatroban-treated patients, HIT-associated consumptive coagulopathy confounds anticoagulant monitoring. Our observations provide guidance on practical aspects of HIT diagnosis and management.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Anticoagulants / adverse effects*
  • Female
  • Heparin / adverse effects*
  • Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight / adverse effects
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Neoplasms / complications
  • Orthopedic Procedures
  • Platelet Count
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Thrombocytopenia / chemically induced*
  • Thrombocytopenia / complications
  • Thrombocytopenia / therapy
  • Thrombosis / complications
  • Wounds and Injuries / complications
  • Wounds and Injuries / surgery

Substances

  • Anticoagulants
  • Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight
  • Heparin