Pyrazolone-based anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors: control of selectivity by a benzyloxy group

Abstract

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase, with oncogenic variants that have been implicated in ALCL, NSCLC and other cancers. Screening of a VEGFR2-biased kinase library resulted in identification of 1 which showed cross-reactivity with ALK. SAR on the indole segment of 1 showed that a subtle structural modification (the ethoxy group of 1 changed to a benzyloxy to generate 5a) enhanced potency (ALK), selectivity for VEGFR2 and IR along with improvement in metabolic stability. From docking studies of ALK versus VEGFR2 kinase, we postulated that the loss of entropy of the VEGFR2 in the bound form with 5a might be the origin of the reduced activity against that protein. Modification of the heterocyclic segment showed that thiazole-bearing pyrazolones preserved enzyme potency, and enhanced inhibition of NPM-ALK autophosphorylation in ALK-positive ALCL cells (Karpas-299). SAR of the benzyloxy group resulted in compounds which demonstrated good cellular potency in Karpas-299 cells. Compound 8 showed best overall profile for the series with broad kinome selectivity and liver micorsome stability. Compound 8 showed reasonable iv PK in rat, but with little oral exposure.