Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs) bind to galectin-3 to induce TNF-α production in macrophages via Toll-like receptors 2 and 4. Here we show that T. gondii GPIs stimulate human macrophages to synthesize matrix metalloproteinase-9 in a TNF-α-dependent pathway and degrade extracellular galectin-3.
Copyright © 2011 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Blotting, Western
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Carbohydrate Conformation
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Cells, Cultured
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Chlorocebus aethiops
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Galectin 3 / immunology
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Galectin 3 / metabolism*
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Glycosylphosphatidylinositols / immunology
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Glycosylphosphatidylinositols / metabolism*
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Humans
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Macrophage Activation / immunology*
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Macrophages / immunology
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Macrophages / metabolism*
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Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / biosynthesis
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Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / immunology
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Molecular Sequence Data
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Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Protein Binding
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Signal Transduction / immunology*
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Toll-Like Receptor 2 / immunology
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Toll-Like Receptor 2 / metabolism
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Toll-Like Receptor 4 / immunology
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Toll-Like Receptor 4 / metabolism
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Toxoplasma / chemistry
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Toxoplasma / immunology
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Toxoplasma / metabolism*
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Toxoplasmosis / immunology
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Toxoplasmosis / metabolism*
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Toxoplasmosis / pathology
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / immunology
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / metabolism
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Vero Cells
Substances
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Galectin 3
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Glycosylphosphatidylinositols
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TLR2 protein, human
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TLR4 protein, human
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Toll-Like Receptor 2
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Toll-Like Receptor 4
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
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Matrix Metalloproteinase 9