[The FAQ self-report is a valid instrument to characterize endophenotypes of the autistic spectrum in parents of children with autism]

Abstract

Background: We have previously developed the FAQ self-report, an adaptation of the Baron-Cohen's Autism Quotient self-report, in order to detect traits of the autistic spectrum in the parents and siblings of children with autism. We have previously shown that parents of children with autism show significant differences in their global scores and in their social functioning scores according to their answers to the FAQ self-report.

Objective: Our aim was to validate the FAQ self-report in a population of control parents, and to confirm our previous results concerning parents of children with autism.

Methodology: Hundred and twenty-seven adults (67 female, 60 male), parents of children with normal development were recruited in the general population. They were asked to fulfill the 40 questions of the FAQ self-report at two different times. Sixty-six parents of children with autism were asked to fulfill the FAQ self-report, for group comparisons. Statistical factor analysis and test-retest reliability analysis was performed with the Matlab toolbox(©) software.

Results: Statistical factor analysis and test-retest reliability show that the FAQ is structured in two main factors, socialization and communication on one hand, rigidity and imagination on the other, with good test-retest reliability. Further comparison between parents of children with autism and control parents shows a significant difference between the two groups for the socialization and communication domain, and for the global score. We show for the first time that scores of the parents of children with autism remain unchanged from infancy to adulthood.

Conclusion: The FAQ is the first French validated self-report focused on the detection of traits of the autistic spectrum in parents and siblings of children with autism. It is structured in two main factors, corresponding to imagination/rigidity, which are negatively correlated, and communication and socialization, which are positively correlated. The FAQ is therefore a reliable instrument to measure endophenotypes associated with the autistic spectrum in parents of children with autism, and may be useful in genetic studies.