This article reports an application of charge-detection quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry (CD-ITMS) to characterize the column packing materials in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Both the mean mass and the mass distribution of the packing materials are obtained and used to calculate the specific surface area of unbonded silica, the carbon load of the bonded silica, and their particle size distributions. The obtained specific surface areas and carbon loads are consistent with those measured independently by nitrogen sorption and elemental analysis respectively, whereas the derived size distributions show better resolution than that measured by a laser particle size analyzer. Furthermore, we evaluate the uniformity of particle size, which is the key parameter for column efficiency of the liquid chromatography by analyzing the mass distribution of the packing materials at the top and bottom of the column. A broader mass distribution, which yields decreased column efficiency, is observed for the column top because of the excessive use of the column. Our results suggest that CD-ITMS can serve as an alternative means for the characterization of the packing materials in HPLC and is potentially useful for column quality control.