To investigate the characters of different parts of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn, a high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was used to analyze the extracts of different parts (including tender sprouts, roots, stems, leaves, flowers, seeds, etc.) of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn with different solvents. There was much difference in the composition of different parts of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. The sequence of the total number of components existed is as follows: tender sprouts, seeds, flowers, leaves, roots, stems. The obvious differences of polar components were observed not only in the nature of the compounds extracted by different solvents. The experiments will provide results for the development of fingerprint and application of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.