Operational challenges in delivering CD4 diagnostics in sub-Saharan Africa

AIDS Care. 2011 Jul;23(7):814-21. doi: 10.1080/09540121.2010.541416. Epub 2011 Jun 24.

Abstract

Access to reliable and low cost CD4 T-cell enumeration to stage illness and monitor anti-retroviral therapy remains elusive in resource-limited settings. We report challenges in delivering CD4 testing using the microcapillary Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorter (FACS) methodology (Guava EasyCD4 instrument Guava Technologies, Hayward) in Burkina Faso and Zimbabwe. Resources, instruments, reagents, and training were provided to local laboratories within the existing infrastructure and data on CD4 were collected from routine laboratory testing. Challenges encountered included frequent instrument breakdown; poor manufacturer maintenance; difficulties in managing reagent stocks; high technician turnover; reliance on antiquated data management systems; redundant service provision; and lack of repeat testing in male HIV+ patients and in patients with higher CD4 counts after initial staging. While adopting newer, less expensive technologies such as fluorescent platforms and point of care tests can facilitate access to lower cost CD4 testing, our experience suggests that supply chain, corporate commitment to implementation, and community factors also require consideration.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Burkina Faso
  • CD4 Lymphocyte Count / methods
  • CD4 Lymphocyte Count / standards
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Diagnostic Services / standards*
  • Female
  • Flow Cytometry / methods
  • Flow Cytometry / standards*
  • HIV Infections / diagnosis*
  • HIV Infections / immunology
  • Health Services Accessibility
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Laboratories
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Young Adult
  • Zimbabwe