Is 24h nicotine equivalents a surrogate for smoke exposure based on its relationship with other biomarkers of exposure?

Biomarkers. 2011 Mar;16(2):144-54. doi: 10.3109/1354750X.2010.536257.

Abstract

Nicotine and its 5 major metabolites (Nicotine equivalents, NE) may serve as a surrogate biomarker for smoke exposure.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between nicotine equivalents (NE) and biomarkers of exposure (BOE) to cigarette smoke.

Methods: Data from nine controlled studies in 916 adult smokers were used. BOEs to nicotine, NNK, pyrene, acrolein, benzene, 1,3-butadiene and CO were used.

Results: Among all the factors investigated (NE, cigarette type, age, gender, BMI and study), NE was the most statistically significant factor for all biomarker relationships. Weak to moderate relationships (0.32 ≤ R(2) ≤ 0.65) were found between NE and the BOEs.

Conclusions: Based on the relationships with BOEs, NE may be considered as a surrogate biomarker of total cigarette smoke exposure.

MeSH terms

  • Acrolein / analysis
  • Adult
  • Benzene / analysis
  • Biomarkers / analysis*
  • Butadienes / analysis
  • Carbon Monoxide / analysis
  • Environmental Exposure / analysis*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Nicotiana / metabolism
  • Nicotine / analysis*
  • Nitrosamines / analysis
  • Nitrosamines / urine*
  • Pyrenes / analysis
  • Pyridines / urine*
  • Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
  • Smoke / analysis
  • Smoking / metabolism
  • Time Factors

Substances

  • Biomarkers
  • Butadienes
  • Nitrosamines
  • Pyrenes
  • Pyridines
  • Smoke
  • Nicotine
  • Acrolein
  • 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone
  • Carbon Monoxide
  • pyrene
  • 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butan-1-ol
  • Benzene
  • 1,3-butadiene