The broad objective of this paper is to present an overview and synthesis of selected studies on reproduction and aging in two model tephritid fruit fly species including the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata, and the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens. We summarize the research findings from empirical studies and modeling investigations involving reproduction in the two tephritid species. At the end we identify and discuss four general principles regarding reproductive aging in tephritids including reciprocity of reproductive and aging costs, qualitative tradeoffs, plasticity of lifespan and reproduction, and life history constraints and determinacy.