The development of diagnostic and therapeutic flexible endoscopy is vivid. This article describes some of the most recent diagnostic techniques: Narrow Band Imaging, Fujinon Intelligent Color Enhancement, Autofluorescence Imaging, Optical Coherence Tomography, Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy. Literature was found through searches on PUBMED and written information from Olympus, Fujinon and Pentax. Which techniques will be used in the future? Will optical biopsy soon be possible? We need more controlled studies.