Background: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) during childhood is rare, and only been a few cases showed visual disturbances as an initial symptom. We report a pediatric CML case diagnosed by bilateral visual loss.
Case: An 11-year-old boy complained of visual loss in both eyes. His best corrected visual acuity was 0.5 in the right eye and 0.2 in the left. Fundus examination showed disc swelling, dilated and tortuous retinal veins and multiple elevated retinal lesions with hemorrhages of various size from one-forth to four disc diameters in both eyes. He was diagnosed as having CML by leucocytosis and systematic work-up including Philadelphia chromosome-positive, BCR-ABL kinase domain in peripheral blood and bone marrow. The ocular findings improved after treatment with hydroxyurea, leukocytaphresis and imatinib. His best corrected visual acuity improved to 0.7 in both eyes.
Conclusion: Recent leukemia therapy including imatinib is effective not only for ocular lesions but also to induce hematological remission in childhood CML.