Preschoolers' implicit and explicit false-belief understanding: relations with complex syntactical mastery

Child Dev. 2010 Mar-Apr;81(2):597-615. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01418.x.

Abstract

Three studies were carried out to investigate sentential complements being the critical device that allows for false-belief understanding in 3- and 4-year-olds (N = 102). Participants across studies accurately gazed in anticipation of a character's mistaken belief in a predictive looking task despite erring on verbal responses for direct false-belief questions. Gaze was independent of complement mastery. These patterns held when other low-verbal false-belief tasks were considered and the predictive looking task was presented as a time-controlled film. While implicit (gaze) knowledge predicted explicit (verbal) false-belief understanding, complement mastery and cognitive flexibility also supported explicit reasoning. Overall, explicit false-belief understanding is complexly underpinned by implicit knowledge and input from higher-order systems of language and executive control.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Child, Preschool
  • Comprehension
  • Concept Formation
  • Executive Function*
  • Female
  • Fixation, Ocular
  • Humans
  • Judgment*
  • Male
  • Nonverbal Communication
  • Orientation*
  • Pattern Recognition, Visual*
  • Personal Construct Theory*
  • Problem Solving
  • Semantics*