A new site-directed transgenic rheumatoid factor mouse model demonstrates extrafollicular class switch and plasmablast formation

Autoimmunity. 2010 Dec;43(8):607-18. doi: 10.3109/08916930903567500. Epub 2010 Apr 7.

Abstract

The AM14 rheumatoid factor (RF) transgenic (Tg) mouse has been valuable for studying how self-reactive B cells are regulated beyond central tolerance, because they remain ignorant in normal mice. AM14 B-cell activation can be studied on autoimmune-prone strains or by inducing activation with IgG2a anti-chromatin antibodies (Abs). Despite the utility of conventional Ig-Tg mice, site-directed Ig-Tg (sd-Tg) mice provide a more physiological model for B-cell responses, allowing class switch and somatic hypermutation. We report here the creation of an AM14 sd-Tg mouse and describe its phenotype on both normal and autoimmune-prone backgrounds. AM14 sd-Tg B cells develop normally but remain unactivated in the BALB/c background, even after significant aging. In contrast, in the autoimmune-prone strain MRL/lpr, AM14 sd-Tg B cells become activated and secrete large amounts of IgG RF Ab into the serum. Class-switched Ab-forming cells were found in the spleen and bone marrow. IgG RF plasmablasts were also observed in extrafollicular clusters in the spleens of aged AM14 sd-Tg MRL/lpr mice. Class switch and Ab secretion were observed additionally in AM14 sd-Tg BALB/c B cells activated in vivo using IgG2a anti-chromatin Abs. Development of IgG auto-Abs is a hallmark of severe autoimmunity and is related to pathogenesis. Using the AM14 sd-Tg, we now show that switched auto-Ab-forming cells develop robustly outside germinal centers, further confirming the extrafollicular expression of activation induced cytidine deaminase (AID). This model will allow more physiological studies of B-cell biology in the future, including memory responses marked by class switch.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Autoantibodies / analysis
  • Autoantibodies / immunology
  • Autoimmunity / immunology*
  • B-Lymphocytes / immunology*
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Female
  • Flow Cytometry
  • Immunoglobulin Class Switching / immunology*
  • Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains / genetics
  • Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains / immunology
  • Lymphocyte Activation / immunology*
  • Male
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred BALB C
  • Mice, Inbred MRL lpr
  • Mice, Transgenic
  • Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
  • Rheumatoid Factor / immunology*
  • Somatic Hypermutation, Immunoglobulin / immunology*

Substances

  • Autoantibodies
  • Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains
  • Rheumatoid Factor