Inhibition of MMP-9 transcription and suppression of tumor metastasis by pyrrole-imidazole polyamide

Cancer Sci. 2010 Mar;101(3):759-66. doi: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01435.x. Epub 2009 Nov 14.

Abstract

Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, the 92-kDa type IV collagenase, contributes to tumor invasion and metastases, and strategies to down-regulate its expression could ultimately be of clinical utility. A pyrrole-imidazole (PI) polyamide that targets the activator protein-1 (AP-1)-binding site of the MMP-9 promoter was designed and synthesized as a gene-silencing agent for tumor metastases. The synthesized product showed selective DNA binding ability. The MMP-9 PI polyamide significantly inhibited MMP-9's mRNA expression, protein level, and enzymatic activity in human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MDA-MB-231). Furthermore, the MMP-9 PI polyamide inhibited migration and invasion by in vitro wound-healing and matrigel-invasion assay. The FITC-labeled PI polyamide was localized in nuclei in 45 min of incubation with an MDA-MB-231 cell and remained in the nuclei for up to 96 h after incubation in vitro. It was also quickly localized in the mouse cellular nuclei of many tissues, including liver, kidney, and spleen, after intravenous injection without using any drug-delivery system. Moreover, the polyamide treatment significantly decreased metastasis in a mouse model of liver metastasis. Our results suggest that this PI polyamide, which targets the MMP-9 gene promoter, can be a novel MMP-9 down-regulating molecule for antimetastasis.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • HeLa Cells
  • Humans
  • Imidazoles / pharmacology*
  • Male
  • Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / genetics
  • Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors*
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred BALB C
  • Neoplasm Metastasis / prevention & control*
  • Nylons / pharmacology*
  • Promoter Regions, Genetic
  • Pyrroles / pharmacology*
  • Transcription, Genetic / drug effects*

Substances

  • Imidazoles
  • Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors
  • Nylons
  • Pyrroles
  • Matrix Metalloproteinase 9