The current literature on mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) is reviewed. Based on the literature and own observation it is suggested that, in the pathogenesis of chronic prostatitis are involved several mechanisms, and the mechanism of infection, especially in the later stages of the disease, is not determinative. Author gives his views concerning the chronic prostatitis. He suggests that the disease is laid down by virus (or group of viruses) which exists in the cell during embryonic life. Lifelong effect of virus (or group of viruses) on cells may initiate different chronic inflammatory processes and different pathologic changes in the organism, including prostatitis. Analysis of the literature showed a lack of a complete understanding of the causes and mechanisms of chronic prostatitis, but it also showed that the prostatitis syndrome is no longer a faceless myth. It is a reality, and the new awareness of its importance may give new hope for patients suffering from this intractable pain syndrome Further research in this area will help to better understand the nature of chronic prostatitis and find the best possible solutions in its treatment.