Osteogenesis imperfecta

J Assoc Physicians India. 2009 Jan:57:33-6.

Abstract

Background: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare metabolic bone disorder characterized by increased bone fragility, low bone mass, recurrent fractures and numerous extra-osseus features. Many patients remain undiagnosed and unattended particularly in developed countries. Presently, medical management with bisphosphonates has changed the scenario.

Materials and methods: Twenty consecutive patients of OI were enrolled over a period of four years. Their clinical features, radiology, and biochemical parameters and treatment outcome were analysed.

Results: Of the 20 patients, 16 (80%) were male and 4 (20%) were female. Mean age (SD) of the patients was 20.8 (13.8) years. All the patients had presented with fractures, the number of fractures per person varying from 1 to 20. Long bones were predominantly involved and thirteen (65%) had deformities of long bones. Ten (50%) had a positive family history of fractures after trivial traum. Eleven (55%) patients had dentiginous imperfecta (DI) and ten (50%) had blue sclerae at presentation. Impaired hearing was present in 1 patient only. Calcium profile was normal. Nine patients received pamidronate. Fracture frequency and pain decreased remarkably in these patients.

Conclusion: Patients with OI presented late, predominantly with fracture of long bones, deformities and blue sclerae. Pamidronate therapy remarkably decreased fractures and pain in these patients.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Bone Density Conservation Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Bone Density*
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Diphosphonates / therapeutic use*
  • Female
  • Fractures, Bone / diagnosis
  • Fractures, Bone / drug therapy*
  • Fractures, Bone / etiology
  • Humans
  • India / epidemiology
  • Male
  • Osteogenesis Imperfecta / complications
  • Osteogenesis Imperfecta / diagnosis*
  • Osteogenesis Imperfecta / drug therapy*
  • Osteogenesis Imperfecta / epidemiology
  • Pamidronate
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Bone Density Conservation Agents
  • Diphosphonates
  • Pamidronate