Influence of intermittent wetting and drying conditions on heavy metal removal by stormwater biofilters

Water Res. 2009 Oct;43(18):4590-8. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2009.07.008. Epub 2009 Aug 14.

Abstract

Biofiltration is a technology to treat urban stormwater runoff, which conveys pollutants, including heavy metals. However, the variability of metals removal performance in biofiltration systems is as yet unknown. A laboratory study has been conducted with vegetated biofilter mesocosms, partly fitted with a submerged zone at the bottom of the filter combined with a carbon source. The biofilters were dosed with stormwater according to three different dry/wet schemes, to investigate the effect of intermittent wetting and drying conditions on metal removal. Provided that the biofilters received regular stormwater input, metal removal exceeded 95%. The highest metal accumulation occurs in the top layer of the filter media. However, after antecedent drying before a storm event exceeding 3-4 weeks the filters performed significantly worse, although metal removal still remained relatively high. Introducing a submerged zone into the filter improved the performance significantly after extended dry periods. In particular, copper removal in filters equipped with a submerged zone was increased by around 12% (alpha=0.05) both during wet and dry periods and for lead the negative effect of drying could completely be eliminated, with consistently low outflow concentrations even after long drying periods.

MeSH terms

  • Cadmium / isolation & purification
  • Copper / isolation & purification
  • Filtration / instrumentation
  • Lead / isolation & purification
  • Metals, Heavy / isolation & purification*
  • Time Factors
  • Water Movements
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical / isolation & purification*
  • Water Purification / instrumentation
  • Water Purification / methods*
  • Zinc / isolation & purification

Substances

  • Metals, Heavy
  • Water Pollutants, Chemical
  • Cadmium
  • Lead
  • Copper
  • Zinc