As reported in Population Trends 135 the U.K. Statistics Authority's proposals for the next Census in England and Wales, to be taken in March 2011 were published and presented t Parliament and the National Assembly for Wales in a Government White Paper2 on 11 December This article--the second of tw0 to report on the significant recent developments in the design of the Census--summarises the key methodological, operational and technological changes that have been introduced since the 2001 Census with the prime aim of achieving and reporting on, the most accurate estimate of the resident population.