Optimization of a whole-blood gamma interferon assay for detection of Mycobacterium bovis-infected cattle

Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2009 Aug;16(8):1196-202. doi: 10.1128/CVI.00150-09. Epub 2009 Jul 1.

Abstract

Antigens of Mycobacterium bovis elicit a cell-mediated immune response upon intradermal injection in cattle. In vitro, such antigens stimulate the production of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) by bovine T cells in whole-blood culture (IFN-gamma assay). We have analyzed various parameters of the in vitro IFN-gamma assay, ranging from blood sampling to execution of the IFN-gamma test, in view of potential simplifications of the assay. Here, we show that IFN-gamma responses may be reduced under certain animal handling/holding conditions and that a delayed time from blood collection to culture may lead to a reduced in vitro IFN-gamma response. Delayed initiation of culture in a purified-protein-derivative-based assay (24 h compared to 8 h after blood collection), however, resulted in a significant improvement of specificity (97% compared to 85%), whereas there was only a modest reduction of sensitivity (from 96% to 90%), which was statistically not significant. Furthermore, we show that the stimulation temperature needs to be 33 degrees C or higher; that carbon dioxide is not required for stimulation; and that various plate formats, ranging from 24 to 96 wells per plate, can be utilized. The produced IFN-gamma is stable at 4 degrees C for 28 days as well as after repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Thus, stimulation of samples may be initiated in the field without the need for a carbon dioxide source, and bovine IFN-gamma is stable under various routine laboratory temperature scenarios. These findings demonstrate opportunities for improvements in the bovine IFN-gamma test platform and flexibilities in test application.

Publication types

  • Evaluation Study

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Blood / immunology*
  • Cattle
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Immunoassay / standards*
  • Interferon-gamma / metabolism*
  • Leukocytes, Mononuclear / immunology*
  • Male
  • Mycobacterium bovis / immunology*
  • Mycobacterium bovis / isolation & purification
  • Sensitivity and Specificity
  • Specimen Handling / methods
  • Temperature
  • Time Factors
  • Tuberculosis / diagnosis
  • Tuberculosis / veterinary*

Substances

  • Interferon-gamma