TLR5 ligation by flagellin converts tolerogenic dendritic cells into activating antigen-presenting cells that preferentially induce T-helper 1 responses

Immunol Lett. 2009 Aug 15;125(2):114-8. doi: 10.1016/j.imlet.2009.06.007. Epub 2009 Jun 23.

Abstract

Dendritic cells (DCs) differentiated in the presence of IL-10 preferentially induce regulatory T-cells and tolerance. Whether the tolerogenic properties displayed by these DCs (Tol-DCs) can be overcome has not been fully explored. Here we show for the first time that Tol-DCs express higher levels of TLR5 mRNA, but not TLR4 or TLR9 mRNA relative to DCs differentiated with GM-CSF and IL-4 (BM-DCs). In response to flagellin, a natural TLR-5 ligand, Tol-DCs produced IL-12 but not IL-10. Unlike Tol-DCs stimulated with LPS, which produce high levels of IL-10 and fail to generate a cognate inflammatory response in CD4(+) T-cells, flagellin-stimulated Tol-DCs promoted the differentiation of CD4(+) T cells with a T-helper 1 phenotype. The divergent T-cell outcomes induced by Tol-DCs in response to different TLR-ligands highlights not only their plasticity, but also points to TLR5 ligation as a potential strategy to overcome tolerance in environments that are otherwise conducive to immune unresponsiveness.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antigen Presentation* / drug effects
  • Bone Marrow Cells / immunology
  • Cell Differentiation / drug effects
  • Cell Differentiation / immunology
  • Dendritic Cells / drug effects
  • Dendritic Cells / immunology*
  • Dendritic Cells / metabolism
  • Flagellin / pharmacology
  • Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor / metabolism
  • Interferon-gamma / metabolism*
  • Interleukin-10 / metabolism
  • Interleukin-12 / metabolism*
  • Interleukin-4 / metabolism
  • Lymphocyte Activation / drug effects
  • Male
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred BALB C
  • Mice, Transgenic
  • Protein Binding
  • Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell
  • Th1 Cells / immunology
  • Th1 Cells / metabolism*
  • Th1 Cells / pathology
  • Toll-Like Receptor 5 / genetics
  • Toll-Like Receptor 5 / immunology
  • Toll-Like Receptor 5 / metabolism*

Substances

  • Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell
  • Toll-Like Receptor 5
  • Flagellin
  • Interleukin-10
  • Interleukin-12
  • Interleukin-4
  • Interferon-gamma
  • Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor