Measurement of nickel, cobalt and chromium in toy make-up by atomic absorption spectroscopy

Acta Derm Venereol. 2009;89(2):130-3. doi: 10.2340/00015555-0595.

Abstract

Cosmetics should not contain more than 5 ppm of nickel, chromium or cobalt and, in order to minimize the risk of sensitization in very sensitive subjects, the target amount should be as low as 1 ppm. However, there are no published reports on the presence of these metals in toy make-up. This study analysed 52 toy make-ups using atomic absorption spectroscopy. More than 5 ppm of nickel was present in 14/52 (26.9%) samples. Chromium exceeded 5 ppm in 28/52 (53.8%) samples, with values over 1000 ppm in 3 eye shadows. Cobalt was present in amounts over 5 ppm in 5/52 (9.6%) samples. Powdery toy make-up (eye shadows) had the highest levels of metals, and "creamy" toy make-up (lip gloss and lipsticks) the lowest. Toy make-ups are potentially sensitizing items, especially for atopic children, who have a damaged skin barrier that may favour penetration of allergens.

MeSH terms

  • Allergens / analysis*
  • Chromium / analysis*
  • Cobalt / analysis*
  • Cosmetics / chemistry*
  • Humans
  • Nickel / analysis*
  • Play and Playthings*
  • Spectrophotometry, Atomic

Substances

  • Allergens
  • Cosmetics
  • Chromium
  • Cobalt
  • Nickel