Methods for assessment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are advancing worldwide. To this end, the Subcommittee of Measures for Pediatric CKD in the Japanese Society for Pediatric Nephrology was started in 2006. This Subcommittee has embarked on a multidisciplinary study for determining the normal/usual baseline value of serum creatinine and cystatin C, and standardizing the method of inulin clearance in children. For adults, pharmacotherapies such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers have been shown to be effective in non-diabetic nephropathy. This same treatment for childhood CKD is generally adopted, but there is no corresponding evidence of similar efficacy. We believe a randomized controlled trial to that end should be undertaken.