A practical exposure-equivalent metric for instrumentation noise in x-ray imaging systems

Phys Med Biol. 2008 Sep 21;53(18):5107-21. doi: 10.1088/0031-9155/53/18/017. Epub 2008 Aug 22.

Abstract

The performance of high-sensitivity x-ray imagers may be limited by additive instrumentation noise rather than by quantum noise when operated at the low exposure rates used in fluoroscopic procedures. The equipment-invasive instrumentation noise measures (in terms of electrons) are generally difficult to make and are potentially not as helpful in clinical practice as would be a direct radiological representation of such noise that may be determined in the field. In this work, we define a clinically relevant representation for instrumentation noise in terms of noise-equivalent detector entrance exposure, termed the instrumentation noise-equivalent exposure (INEE), which can be determined through experimental measurements of noise-variance or signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The INEE was measured for various detectors, thus demonstrating its usefulness in terms of providing information about the effective operating range of the various detectors. A simulation study is presented to demonstrate the robustness of this metric against post-processing, and its dependence on inherent detector blur. These studies suggest that the INEE may be a practical gauge to determine and compare the range of quantum-limited performance for clinical x-ray detectors of different design, with the implication that detector performance at exposures below the INEE will be instrumentation-noise limited rather than quantum-noise limited.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Algorithms*
  • Artifacts*
  • Equipment Failure Analysis / methods*
  • Equipment Failure Analysis / standards
  • Radiography / instrumentation*
  • Radiography / methods
  • Radiography / standards
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • Sensitivity and Specificity
  • United States