Epigenetic mechanisms of age-dependent KIR2DL4 expression in T cells

J Leukoc Biol. 2008 Sep;84(3):824-34. doi: 10.1189/jlb.0807583. Epub 2008 Jun 27.

Abstract

Killer Ig-like receptor (KIR) expression is mostly restricted to NK cells controlling their activation. With increasing age, KIRs are expressed on T cells and contribute to age-related diseases. We examined epigenetic mechanisms that determine the competency of T cells to transcribe KIR2DL4. Compared with Jurkat cells and CD4(+)CD28(+) T cells from young individuals, DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibition was strikingly more effective in T cells from elderly adults and the CD4(+)CD28(-) T cell line HUT78 to induce KIR2DL4 transcription. In these susceptible cells, the KIR2DL4 promoter was partially demethylated, and dimethylated H3-Lys 4 was increased, and all other histone modifications were characteristic for an inactive promoter. In comparison, NK cells had a fully demethylated KIR2DL4 promoter and the full spectrum of histone modifications indicative of active transcription with H3 and H4 acetylation, di- and trimethylated H3-Lys 4, and reduced, dimethylated H3-Lys 9. These results suggest that an increased competency of T cells to express KIR2DL4 with aging is conferred by a selective increase in H3-Lys 4 dimethylation and limited DNA demethylation. The partially accessible promoter is sensitive to DNMT inhibition, which is sufficient to induce full transcription without further histone acetylation and methylation.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Acetylation
  • Adult
  • Age Factors
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • CD28 Antigens / metabolism
  • CD4 Antigens / metabolism
  • Chromatin / metabolism
  • Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
  • DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1
  • DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases / antagonists & inhibitors
  • DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases / genetics
  • DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases / metabolism
  • DNA Methylation*
  • Epigenesis, Genetic*
  • Gene Expression Regulation*
  • Histones / metabolism*
  • Humans
  • Jurkat Cells
  • Killer Cells, Natural / immunology
  • Killer Cells, Natural / metabolism
  • Lymphocyte Activation / genetics
  • Lymphocyte Activation / immunology
  • Lysine / metabolism
  • Nucleosomes / physiology
  • Promoter Regions, Genetic / genetics
  • RNA, Messenger / genetics
  • RNA, Messenger / metabolism
  • Receptors, KIR2DL4 / genetics*
  • Receptors, KIR2DL4 / metabolism
  • Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • T-Lymphocytes / metabolism*
  • Transcription, Genetic
  • Transcriptional Activation
  • Transfection

Substances

  • CD28 Antigens
  • CD4 Antigens
  • Chromatin
  • Histones
  • KIR2DL4 protein, human
  • Nucleosomes
  • RNA, Messenger
  • Receptors, KIR2DL4
  • DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1
  • DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases
  • Lysine