The aim of this review of the literature was to present and discuss the anatomical and embryological basis of congenital abnormalities of the gallbladder, based on a case of volvulus. In the rare cases of ectopic gallbladder, diagnosis of a biliary disease could be difficult. In such cases surgery can also be dangerous, especially when it is associated with abnormalities of the intra-hepatic biliary and vascular tree. This study, based on the embryology of the extra hepatic bile duct, focused on the most frequent gallbladder abnormalities to keep them in mind.