In this review, we report the most recent findings on antibiotic prophylaxis during cataract surgery. The ESCRS (European Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons) has published the results of a study using a cefuroxime injection in the anterior chamber at the end of cataract surgery. It was found that this antibiotic injection reduced the rate of postoperative endophthalmitis fivefold. Based on the analysis of the available literature, we summarize the relevant information consistent with evidence-based medicine. Finally, we provide additional practical tips on antibiotic prophylaxis such as asepsis and antisepsis to decrease postcataract endophthalmitis.