Early and dynamic polarization of T cell membrane rafts and constituents prior to TCR stop signals

J Immunol. 2007 Nov 15;179(10):6845-55. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.10.6845.

Abstract

Polarization of membrane rafts and signaling proteins to form an immunological synapse is a hallmark of T cell stimulation. However, the kinetics of raft polarization and associated proteins in relation to the initial contact of the T cell with the APC are poorly defined. We addressed this question by measuring the distribution of membrane-targeted fluorescent protein markers during initial T cell interactions with B cell APCs. Experiments with unpulsed B cells lacking cognate Ag demonstrated an MHC class II-independent capping that was specific to membrane raft markers and required actin rearrangements and signals from Src kinases and PI3K. By live cell imaging experiments, we identified a similar specific polarization of membrane raft markers before TCR-dependent stop signals, and which occurred independently of cognate peptide-MHC class II. T cells conjugated to unpulsed B cells exhibited capping of CD4 and microclusters of the TCR zeta-chain, but only the CD4 enrichment was cholesterol dependent. Furthermore, raft association of CD4 was necessary for its efficient targeting to the Ag-independent caps. Interestingly, anergic Vbeta8(+) T cells isolated from staphylococcal enterotoxin B-injected mice did not exhibit Ag-independent capping of membrane rafts, showing that inhibition of these early, Ag-independent events is a property associated with tolerance. Altogether, these data show that membrane raft capping is one of the earliest events in T cell activation and represents one avenue for promoting and regulating downstream peptide-MHC-dependent signaling within the T cell.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antigen-Presenting Cells / immunology
  • Antigen-Presenting Cells / metabolism
  • Antigens / immunology
  • Antigens / metabolism
  • B-Lymphocytes / immunology
  • B-Lymphocytes / metabolism
  • CD4 Antigens / immunology
  • CD4 Antigens / metabolism
  • CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / immunology*
  • CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes / metabolism
  • Cell Line
  • Cell Polarity / immunology*
  • Cholesterol / immunology
  • Cholesterol / metabolism
  • Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / immunology
  • Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / metabolism
  • Immune Tolerance / immunology
  • Immunologic Capping
  • Lymphocyte Activation / immunology*
  • Membrane Microdomains / immunology*
  • Membrane Microdomains / metabolism
  • Mice
  • Peptides / immunology
  • Peptides / metabolism
  • Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / immunology
  • Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / metabolism
  • Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta / immunology*
  • Signal Transduction / immunology*
  • src-Family Kinases / immunology
  • src-Family Kinases / metabolism

Substances

  • Antigens
  • CD4 Antigens
  • Histocompatibility Antigens Class II
  • Peptides
  • Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta
  • Cholesterol
  • Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases
  • src-Family Kinases