Purpose of review: To summarize major recent findings on the biology of human herpesvirus-8, i.e. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, and the implications of these findings for Kaposi's sarcoma treatment.
Recent findings: Although reduced in incidence in developed countries since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy, Kaposi's sarcoma incidence is still markedly increased in HIV-infected patients in resource-rich areas of the world and is a major complication among HIV-infected individuals in sub-Saharan Africa. The Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway has emerged as a major driving force in Kaposi's sarcoma. In addition, the roles of p53, the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus viral cyclin and nuclear factor-kappaB in the development and progression of Kaposi's sarcoma are being further clarified, and therapeutic agents are being developed that may target these pathogenetic mechanisms. New Kaposi's sarcoma treatments should be considered that target the molecular interface between virus and host.
Summary: The growing knowledge of Kaposi's sarcoma biology provides multiple opportunities for rational targeted therapies. Further research is needed to better understand the mechanisms by which Kaposi's sarcoma develops and to develop therapeutic strategies that prevent resistance to treatment.