High-mannose-specific deglycosylation of HIV-1 gp120 induced by resistance to cyanovirin-N and the impact on antibody neutralization

Virology. 2007 Nov 10;368(1):145-54. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2007.06.029. Epub 2007 Jul 23.

Abstract

HIV-1 uses glycans on gp120 to occlude its highly immunogenic epitopes. To better elucidate escape mechanisms of HIV-1 from carbohydrate-binding agents (CBA) and to understand the impact of CBA-escape on viral immune evasion, we generated and examined the biological properties of HIV-1 resistant to cyanovirin-N (CV-N) or cross-resistant to additional CBAs. Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of resistant env clones indicated that 3-5 high-mannose residues from 289 to 448 in the C2-C4 region of gp120 were mutated and correlated with the resistance levels. The specificity and minimal requirements of deglycosylation for CV-N resistance were further assessed by mutagenesis study. The sensitivity of resistant variants to a range of CBAs, immunoglobulins, sera and monoclonal antibodies (MAb) were investigated. For the first time, our data have collectively defined the high-mannose residues on gp120 affecting CV-N activity, and demonstrated that CBA-escape HIV-1 has increased sensitivity to immunoglobulins and sera from HIV patients, and particularly to V3 loop-directed MAbs. Our study provides a proof-of-concept that targeting HIV-1 glycan shields may represent a novel antiviral strategy.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Amino Acid Substitution / genetics
  • Anti-HIV Agents / pharmacology
  • Antibodies, Viral / immunology
  • Bacterial Proteins / pharmacology*
  • Carrier Proteins / pharmacology*
  • DNA Mutational Analysis
  • Drug Resistance, Viral*
  • Glycosylation
  • HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / genetics
  • HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / immunology*
  • HIV Envelope Protein gp120 / metabolism*
  • HIV-1 / drug effects*
  • HIV-1 / genetics
  • HIV-1 / immunology*
  • Humans
  • Mannose / immunology*
  • Mannose / metabolism*
  • Neutralization Tests

Substances

  • Anti-HIV Agents
  • Antibodies, Viral
  • Bacterial Proteins
  • Carrier Proteins
  • HIV Envelope Protein gp120
  • gp120 protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1
  • cyanovirin N
  • Mannose