Inhibition of transcription of the beta interferon gene by the human herpesvirus 6 immediate-early 1 protein

J Virol. 2007 Jun;81(11):5737-48. doi: 10.1128/JVI.02443-06. Epub 2007 Mar 21.

Abstract

Human herpesviruses (HHV) are stealth pathogens possessing several decoy or immune system evasion mechanisms favoring their persistence within the infected host. Of these viruses, HHV-6 is among the most successful human parasites, establishing lifelong infections in nearly 100% of individuals around the world. To better understand this host-pathogen relationship, we determined whether HHV-6 could interfere with the development of the innate antiviral response by affecting interferon (IFN) biosynthesis. Using inducible cell lines and transient transfection assays, we have identified the immediate-early 1 (IE1) protein as a potent inhibitor of IFN-beta gene expression. IE1 proteins from both HHV-6 variants were capable of suppressing IFN-beta gene induction. IE1 prevents IFN-beta gene expression triggered by Sendai virus infection, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and dsDNA transfection, or the ectopic expression of IFN-beta gene activators such as retinoic inducible gene I protein, mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein, TBK-1, IkappaB kinase epsilon (IKKepsilon), and IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). While the stability of IFN-beta mRNA is not affected, IE1-expressing cells have reduced levels of dimerized IRF3 and nucleus-translocated IRF3 in response to activation by TBK-1 or IKKepsilon. Using nuclear extracts and gel shift experiments, we could demonstrate that in the presence of IE1, IRF3 does not bind efficiently to the IFN-beta promoter sequence. Overall, these results indicate that the IE1 protein of HHV-6, one of the first viral proteins synthesized upon viral entry, is a potent suppressor of IFN-beta gene induction and likely contributes to favor the establishment of and successful infection of cells with this virus.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Cells, Cultured
  • Down-Regulation / physiology*
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Viral / physiology*
  • Herpesvirus 6, Human / chemistry
  • Herpesvirus 6, Human / physiology*
  • Humans
  • Immediate-Early Proteins / physiology*
  • Interferon-beta / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Interferon-beta / biosynthesis
  • Interferon-beta / genetics*
  • Jurkat Cells
  • Phosphoproteins / physiology*
  • Transcription, Genetic / physiology*
  • Transcriptional Activation

Substances

  • Immediate-Early Proteins
  • Phosphoproteins
  • immediate-early 1 protein, human herpesvirus 6
  • Interferon-beta