Treatment of thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) includes both surgical and nonsurgical approaches, or a combination of both. A definite therapeutic approach has not yet been set. This article reviews the proposed therapeutic strategies and considers the advantages and disadvantages of each treatment. Cessation of smoking seems to be the only globally accepted therapeutic measure to prevent disease progression. A number of promising novel therapeutic strategies may prove useful for the treatment of this physically and socially mutilating disease.