Functional status measured by walking impairment questionnaire and cardiovascular risk prediction in peripheral arterial disease: results of the Peripheral Arteriopathy and Cardiovascular Events (PACE) study

Vasc Med. 2006 Nov;11(3):147-54. doi: 10.1177/1358863x06074830.

Abstract

The prognostic impact of the functional status of patients with intermittent claudication is still obscure. From the lists of seven general practitioners, we identified all subjects aged 40-80 years (n = 4352). Of those reporting leg symptoms while walking on the Rose questionnaire (n = 760), 60 had a qualifying diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). All of them received the Walking Impairment Questionnaire (WIQ). For each patient affected by PAD, three sex- and age-matched controls were selected randomly. After a 24-month follow-up, survival curves showed that PAD patients with WIQ scores > median had a higher cardiovascular risk than controls, and patients with WIQ scores < median had an even poorer prognosis (p < 0.001 for all WIQ domains). In PAD, after adjustment for age, sex, ankle-brachial index and comorbidity, two WIQ domains (ie walking speed and stair-climbing) were associated with cardiovascular events. The cardiovascular risk of claudicants who had a score > median for at least three WIQ domains was intermediate versus the risk of controls and PAD patients with a WIQ score < median, also when adjusted for the covariates indicated above (RR = 3.26, p = 0.019). In intermittent claudication, a worse functional status entails a greater risk of ischemic events versus low functional impairment.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Multicenter Study

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Cardiovascular Diseases / etiology*
  • Cardiovascular Diseases / mortality
  • Cause of Death
  • Family Practice
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Humans
  • Intermittent Claudication / etiology
  • Intermittent Claudication / physiopathology*
  • Italy
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Peripheral Vascular Diseases / complications
  • Peripheral Vascular Diseases / physiopathology*
  • Predictive Value of Tests
  • Prognosis
  • Proportional Hazards Models
  • Prospective Studies
  • Risk Factors
  • Surveys and Questionnaires
  • Survival Analysis
  • Time Factors
  • Walking*