Design of a functional membrane protein by engineering a heme-binding site in glycophorin A

J Am Chem Soc. 2007 Jan 24;129(3):512-8. doi: 10.1021/ja057495i.

Abstract

We have designed a functional model membrane protein by engineering a bis-Histidine heme-binding site into a natural membrane protein, glycophorin A (GpA), structurally characterized by the dimerization of a single transmembrane helix. Out of the 32 residues comprising the transmembrane helix of GpA, five amino acids were mutated; the resulting protein, ME1, has been characterized in dodecyl phosphocholin (DPC) micelles by UV-vis, CD spectroscopy, gel electrophoresis, and analytical ultracentrifugation. ME1 binds heme with sub-micromolar affinity and maintains the highly helical secondary structure and dimeric oligomerization state of GpA. The ME1-Heme complex exhibits a redox potential of -128 +/- 2 mV vs SHE, indicating that the heme resides in a hydrophobic environment and is well shielded from the aqueous phase. Moreover, ME1 catalyzes the hydrogen peroxide dependent oxidation of organic substrates such as TMB (2,2',5,5'-tetramethyl-benzidine). This protein may provide a useful framework to investigate how the protein matrix tunes the cofactor properties in membrane proteins.

Publication types

  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Amino Acid Sequence
  • Binding Sites
  • Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
  • Glycophorins / chemistry*
  • Glycophorins / metabolism
  • Heme / chemistry*
  • Heme / metabolism
  • Histidine / chemistry
  • Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
  • Membrane Proteins / chemistry*
  • Membrane Proteins / metabolism
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Phosphatidylcholines / chemistry
  • Protein Conformation
  • Spectrum Analysis
  • Time Factors
  • Ultracentrifugation

Substances

  • Glycophorins
  • Membrane Proteins
  • Phosphatidylcholines
  • Heme
  • Histidine