The evolution of epidemiology from a risk factor centred approach to a population epidemiology, focused in etiologic theories and more connected with the social and environmental context could support but not guarantee the implementation of public policies oriented to improve population health. In this article, we comment on several factors that, from the research, professional and health services viewpoints, could determine a better linkage between epidemiology and public health policies. Creativity and innovation, hybridization, a compromise with the fundamental values of public health and a prominent role in health services are some of the main factors.